{"id":1681,"date":"2025-05-30T03:54:31","date_gmt":"2025-05-30T03:54:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/xenarthrans.org\/journal\/?post_type=issue&p=1681"},"modified":"2026-01-08T20:45:34","modified_gmt":"2026-01-08T20:45:34","slug":"xenarthra-26","status":"publish","type":"issue","link":"https:\/\/xenarthrans.org\/journal\/issue\/xenarthra-26\/","title":{"rendered":"Xenarthra 26"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
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December 2025<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
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\"Pale-throated<\/a><\/figure>
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Cover:<\/strong> Pale-throated three-toed sloth (Bradypus tridactylus)<\/em>, Suriname. Photo: Mariella Superina.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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Contents<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
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<\/th>Abstract<\/th>Type or Section<\/th>OpenGraph image<\/th>Title<\/th>Authors<\/th>DOI<\/th>e-Locator<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
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We report on some novel natural history observations of southern three-banded armadillo Tolypeutes matacus<\/em> and six-banded armadillo Euphractus sexcinctus<\/em> from Paraguay. These are: 1) a new band anomaly for an adult of T. matacus<\/em>; 2) inclusion of the newly described subterranean termite Heterotermes lauralinearum<\/em> Carrijo, 2020 (Rhinotermitidae) and the ant Atta vollenweideri<\/em> (Forel, 1893) (Formicidae) in the Paraguayan diet of T. matacus<\/em>; 3) the first reports of parasitism of T. matacus<\/em> by fleas (Pulex irritans<\/em> and potential lesion of Tunga perforans<\/em>) in Paraguay; 4) identification of tracks of T. matacus<\/em> in the field; and 5) the first documented record for E. sexcinctus<\/em> in \u00d1eembuc\u00fa department.<\/p>\n

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Informamos sobre algunas observaciones novedosas de historia natural del tat\u00fa bolita Tolypeutes matacus<\/em> y el tat\u00fa poju Euphractus sexcinctus<\/em> de Paraguay. Estas son: 1) una nueva anomal\u00eda de banda para un adulto de T. matacus<\/em>; 2) inclusi\u00f3n de la termita subterr\u00e1nea recientemente descrita Heterotermes lauralinearum<\/em> Carrijo, 2020 (Rhinotermitidae) y la hormiga Atta vollenweideri<\/em> (Forel, 1893) (Formicidae) en la dieta paraguaya de T. matacus<\/em>; 3) los primeros reportes de parasitismo de T. matacus<\/em> por pulgas (Pulex irritans<\/em> y lesiones atribuibles a Tunga perforans<\/em>) en Paraguay; 4) identificaci\u00f3n de huellas de T. matacus<\/em> en campo; y 5) el primer registro documentado de E. sexcinctus<\/em> en el departamento de \u00d1eembuc\u00fa.<\/p>\n<\/td>

Field Note<\/td>\"Views<\/a><\/td>Some natural history notes on Paraguayan armadillos (Xenarthra, Chlamyphoridae) Tolypeutes matacus<\/i> and Euphractus sexcinctus<\/i><\/a><\/td>Paul Smith<\/span>, Rebecca L. Smith<\/span>, Matthew T. Owen<\/span><\/td>doi.org\/10.2305\/IKXB8474<\/a><\/td>e2601<\/td><\/tr>
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Coloration anomalies caused by melanin deficiency are rare in wild mammals and often increase predation risk. We document a case of leucism in an adult female Tamandua mexicana<\/em> from the Reserva Cuxtal, Yucat\u00e1n, Mexico. The specimen exhibited pale yellowish-white fur, pink skin, and dark eyes. Given the increasing urban pressures in the Reserve, population and genetic studies are essential to elucidate the potential causes of coloration anomalies and to support effective conservation efforts.<\/p>\n

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Reporte de leucismo en Tamandua mexicana<\/em> (Pilosa: Myrmecophagidae) del sureste de M\u00e9xico.<\/strong> Las anomal\u00edas de coloraci\u00f3n por deficiencia de melanina son raras en mam\u00edferos silvestres y suelen aumentar el riesgo de depredaci\u00f3n. Documentamos un caso de leucismo en una hembra adulta de Tamandua mexicana<\/em> en la Reserva Cuxtal, Yucat\u00e1n, M\u00e9xico. El ejemplar present\u00f3 pelaje blanco-amarillento p\u00e1lido, piel rosa y ojos oscuros. Dadas las crecientes presiones urbanas en la Reserva, son fundamentales los estudios poblacionales y gen\u00e9ticos para esclarecer las posibles causas de las anomal\u00edas de coloraci\u00f3n y orientar acciones de conservaci\u00f3n efectivas.<\/p>\n<\/td>

Short Communication<\/td>\"View<\/a><\/td>Report of leucism in Tamandua mexicana<\/i> (Pilosa: Myrmecophagidae) from southeastern Mexico<\/a><\/td>Javier A. Ortiz-Medina<\/span>, Alan D. Cuxim-Koyoc<\/span>, Daniel Chan-Espinoza<\/span>, Juan Chabl\u00e9-Santos<\/span><\/td>doi.org\/10.2305\/VGWG8054<\/a><\/td>e2602<\/td><\/tr>
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El oso hormiguero Tamandua mexicana<\/em> es una especie poco estudiada y con informaci\u00f3n limitada, particularmente en el estado de Guerrero, M\u00e9xico. Adem\u00e1s, se desconocen las posibles amenazas que enfrenta la especie en esta regi\u00f3n. Este estudio busca actualizar el conocimiento sobre la especie en el estado, llenar los vac\u00edos de informaci\u00f3n sobre su distribuci\u00f3n e identificar las principales amenazas que podr\u00edan afectarla. Se recopilaron 24 registros de la literatura y plataformas digitales y se registraron 71 ejemplares en los \u00faltimos 20 a\u00f1os mediante c\u00e1maras trampa, avistamientos, cautiverio, atropellados y cazados. El mayor n\u00famero de registros se obtuvo en selva baja caducifolia. La Planicie Costera fue la provincia biogeogr\u00e1fica con mayor n\u00famero de registros y localidades. Las amenazas reportadas en este estudio incluyen la venta ilegal, los atropellamientos, la cacer\u00eda y el uso de pieles en danzas tradicionales, as\u00ed como los ataques de perros dom\u00e9sticos. Estos resultados resaltan la necesidad de implementar estrategias de conservaci\u00f3n enfocadas en la reducci\u00f3n de atropellamientos, el control del comercio ilegal y la sensibilizaci\u00f3n sobre la importancia ecol\u00f3gica de la especie en Guerrero.<\/p>\n

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Tamandua mexicana in the State of Guerrero, Mexico: state of knowledge, distribution, and main threats.<\/strong> The anteater Tamandua mexicana<\/em> is a poorly studied species of which we have limited information, particularly in Guerrero, Mexico. Additionally, little is known about the potential threats it faces. This study aims to update knowledge about the species in the region, fill information gaps regarding its distribution, and identify the main threats affecting its population. A total of 24 records were gathered from the literature and digital platforms, and 71 specimens were documented over the past 20 years through camera traps, sightings, captivity, roadkill, and hunting. The highest number of records was found in low deciduous forest, while the Coastal Plain was the biogeographic province with the greatest number of records and localities. Threats reported in this study include illegal sale, vehicle collisions, hunting, the use of skins in traditional dances, and attacks by domestic dogs. These findings highlight the urgent need to implement conservation strategies focused on mitigating vehicle collisions, controlling illegal trade, and raising awareness of the species’ ecological importance in Guerrero.<\/p>\n<\/td>

Article<\/td>\"\u00c1rea<\/a><\/td>Tamandua mexicana<\/i> en el estado de Guerrero, M\u00e9xico: estado del conocimiento, distribuci\u00f3n y principales amenazas<\/a><\/td>Angel Neftali Osorio-Rodriguez<\/span>, Jos\u00e9 Alberto Almaz\u00e1n-Catal\u00e1n<\/span>, Fernando Ru\u00edz-Guti\u00e9rrez<\/span>, Cuauht\u00e9moc Ch\u00e1vez<\/span>, Enrique V\u00e1zquez-Arroyo<\/span>, Carlos S\u00e1nchez-Castro<\/span><\/td>doi.org\/10.2305\/YPTE3253<\/a><\/td>e2603<\/td><\/tr>
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We documented prolonged inactivity (12 consecutive days), an uncommon behavior, in a giant armadillo (Priodontes maximus<\/em>) in the Pantanal. Unlike previous observations in the Amazon, there was no internal activity or alternative exits, suggesting prolonged inactivity. This behavior may be associated with the need for thermoregulation, although temperature variations or environmental factors (such as fires) were ruled out. This record raises questions about the species’ energy conservation strategies, such as the causes and ecological consequences of this behavior. We recommend investigations of physiological mechanisms (body temperature, metabolism) and ecological implications, which could position the species as a model for studies of climate adaptation in tropical megafauna.<\/p>\n

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Quando o gigante repousa: evid\u00eancias de inatividade prolongada no tatu-canastra (Priodontes maximus) do Pantanal.<\/strong> Documentamos um per\u00edodo prolongado de inatividade (12 dias consecutivos), um comportamento incomum, em um tatu-canastra (Priodontes maximus<\/em>) no Pantanal. Diferentemente de observa\u00e7\u00f5es anteriores na Amaz\u00f4nia, n\u00e3o houve atividade interna ou sa\u00eddas alternativas, sugerindo inatividade prolongada. Esse comportamento pode estar associado \u00e0 necessidade de termorregula\u00e7\u00e3o, embora varia\u00e7\u00f5es de temperatura ou fatores ambientais (como inc\u00eandios) tenham sido descartados. Esse registro levanta quest\u00f5es sobre as estrat\u00e9gias de conserva\u00e7\u00e3o de energia da esp\u00e9cie, como as causas e consequ\u00eancias ecol\u00f3gicas desse comportamento. Recomendamos investiga\u00e7\u00f5es sobre mecanismos fisiol\u00f3gicos (temperatura corporal, metabolismo) e implica\u00e7\u00f5es ecol\u00f3gicas, o que poderia posicionar a esp\u00e9cie como modelo para estudos de adapta\u00e7\u00e3o clim\u00e1tica em megafauna tropical.<\/p>\n<\/td>

Short Communication<\/td>\"Giant<\/a><\/td>When the giant rests: evidence of prolonged inactivity in the giant armadillo (Priodontes maximus<\/i>) of the Pantanal<\/a><\/td>Matheus Sthanley Firme<\/span>, Gabriel Favero Massocato<\/span>, Arnaud L.J. Desbiez<\/span><\/td>doi.org\/10.2305\/PEYZ8754<\/a><\/td>e2604<\/td><\/tr>
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Polydactyly is a relatively common congenital condition in humans, also described in some other species of animals, where more digits than usual are present in the hands or feet. The literature about congenital anomalies in sloths is sparse. In this short communication we present a case of bilateral pre-axial polydactyly in a juvenile Hoffmann’s two-toed sloth (Choloepus hoffmanni<\/em>), identified upon arrival to a rehabilitation center. The external and radiographical appearance are described, as well as the clinical relevance of the case.<\/p>\n

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Polidactilia pre-axial bilateral en un perezoso de dos dedos de Hoffmann juvenil (Choloepus hoffmanni<\/em>).<\/strong> La polidactilia es una condici\u00f3n cong\u00e9nita relativamente com\u00fan en humanos, tambi\u00e9n descrita en otras especies animales, en la cual un individuo presenta m\u00e1s d\u00edgitos de lo normal en las manos o los pies. Sin embargo, la literatura cient\u00edfica sobre este tipo de anomal\u00edas en perezosos es limitada. En esta nota se presenta un ejemplo de un individuo juvenil de perezoso de dos dedos (Choloepus hoffmanni) con polidactilia pre-axial bilateral, diagnosticada al ser recibido en un centro de rehabilitaci\u00f3n. Se describe la apariencia externa, as\u00ed como la anatom\u00eda radiogr\u00e1fica, y se discute la relevancia cl\u00ednica del caso.<\/p>\n<\/td>

Short Communication<\/td>\"Radiograph<\/a><\/td>Bilateral pre-axial polydactyly in a wild juvenile Hoffmann’s two-toed sloth (Choloepus hoffmanni<\/i>)<\/a><\/td>Sara Go\u00f1i Martinez<\/span>, Ambre Thiriet<\/span>, Sofia Astorga Alvarado<\/span>, Marta Venegas<\/span><\/td>doi.org\/10.2305\/LOKD3922<\/a><\/td>e2605<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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